On Tuesday evening, Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, Archbishop Emeritus of Westminster, delivered a lecture entitled "Meaning and Hope - Christianity's Place in Modern Britain" to an audience at Leicester Cathedral. Last night, I managed to read the address in full, which can be found on the
website for the Bishops Conference for England and Wales. It is a remarkably prophetic text, covering many areas of importance to modern day Britons: from the lack of dignity being shown to the elderly to the intolerance of those secularists who wish to impose their beliefs on the rest of us.
Whilst acknowledging the enormous benefits that humanity has enjoyed through the growth of scientific reason and research, especially from the Age of the Enlightenment onwards, Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor also highlighted the impotence of that form of post-Enlightenment rationalism that seeks "to relegate religion to the private sector." Noting that "the Enlightenment left out an understanding of the whole person" and that "[s]cientific discovery does not reveal the whole of the mystery of the human person", the former Archbishop of Westminster went on to quote Pascal (“The heart has its reasons of which Reason knows nothing”) and St Augustine of Hippo (“God has created us for Himself and our hearts are restless until they rest in Him”).
Is Enlightenment thought enlightening?
Referring to the fact that many "extreme" rationalists simply view - often in an angry way - religion as "just organised superstition", Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor pointed out that most people see their faith as a means of figuring out that "sense of the mystery of life which we all wrestle with in different ways." Enlightenment philosophy and a purely rationalistic science has a truncated understanding of humanity - it seems to forget about all those important aspects of our nature and being, such as the transcendent need for a relationship with God, as well as a psychological or spiritual "release of the whole person." As G K Chesterton said: “One of the chief uses of religion is that it makes us remember our
coming from darkness, the simple fact that we are created”. Commenting on these words, the Cardinal pointed out: "That [
this need to connect to our Creator] is at the heart of the human condition."
Before returning to the theme of atheistic secularism's intolerance of religion and its misunderstanding of the real nature of reason and the totality of the human condition, Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor explored two important issues that are of concern to humanity today - especially here in Britain. Firstly, he explored what Christianity understands by family and how faith in Christ can help protect and nurture this fundamental human unit. Secondly, the Cardinal sought to explain the near contempt that modern Western societies seem to have towards the elderly and infirm, many of whom are made to feel as if they are of no value, as if their years count for nothing.
Children and the family are under attack
Referring to a recent UNICEF report, Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor highlighted that "children in the United Kingdom were at the bottom of [the UN's] child well-being league." The reasons behind this lack of well-being amongst our children appear to be both complex and simple. The many stresses facing parents, the drive towards a workaholic society, the need to pay off debts, the trap of consumerism seem to mean that today's mothers and fathers hardly have any quality time to spend with their children. No amount of computer games or consumer goods can compensate for those things that really matter to the welfare of children - "a happy, stable family, having good friends and plenty of things to do, especially outdoors."
Noting that in response to the United Nations report, children themselves had pointed out that "happiness is more than material things", Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor said: -
"I would not want to stress this too strongly but it is clear that Christian schools in our country, whether Church of England or Roman Catholic, are far more sought after than other schools. This is not because the children who frequent these schools are more intelligent or from better homes than others but rather, the format, the expectations, the clarity of the moral standards of the school are based on a religious conviction which communicates itself to the children. All of this means something quite profound, quite simple, namely that we are spiritual beings and a child is a living, acutely aware spiritual person, open to the great mysteries of the universal life itself. We do even more damage to them and to ourselves if we choose to deny this reality."
He went on to express his concern that "[o]ur society constantly pressurises ... to make us consumers and make us believe that our happiness and well-being depend on having or doing the things that are put before us." Such turbo-consumerism inevitably leads to "a real
impoverishment as it builds into a deep dependency which is not just material but psychological and spiritual." As St Paul said: “Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honourable,
whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence, if
there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things” (Phil 4:8).
Marriage is becoming a 'plaything of governments'
This concern for children that Christians should always strive for, and which the Church wishes to promote within society, led the Cardinal to discuss another major issue facing our age - the nature and purpose of marriage, especially in relation to the UK Government's proposed legalisation of 'gay marriage'. Noting that the Catholic Church "may disagree with the ['gay'] life-style", Murphy-O'Connor also stressed that Catholicism "recognises the dignity and value of every man and woman irrespective of
sexual orientation." He then went on to state that the Church does not therefore oppose 'same-sex marriage' because it seeks to unjustly discriminate against a group of people, rather it is concerned with defending "democracy and the nature of marriage itself."
After questioning the right of a minority to "change the meaning of a fundamental institution for the majority", the Cardinal suggested that we are "being conditioned to think that all discrimination is by its very nature bad and somehow unjust". He continued: -
"But this is blatantly untrue. We discriminate wisely and necessarily every day. I do not believe that maintaining a distinction between civil partnerships, between same-sex couples and a marriage between a man and a woman constitutes unjust discrimination. Rather, it preserves a legitimate and fundamental difference which is essential for a fair and plural society. Moreover, it recognises that there are indeed some human institutions over which the State does not have absolute control. If we allow marriage to become the plaything of governments, advancing their particular political and social agendas, we do not strengthen but undermine those enduring sources of personal and civil good. Marriage and family are personal spaces which need to be secured against the unnecessary encroachment of the State."
Emphasising that "[m]arriage is good for society and is one of its basic building blocks" and that "[t]here has never been a society which has not had marriage and the family as its basic unit", Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor also highlighted that it is "good for children and the best outcomes for children are to be found within marriage." It is therefore sad to note that nowhere in its consultation papers did the UK Government mention children in relation to its proposed redefinition of marriage. For a society that pretends to care for children, we seem totally oblivious to their real needs as well as to what is truly good for them.
Unchecked consumerism leads to a devaluing of life
Returning to the theme of what Pope Benedict XVI has termed "turbo-capitalism", Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor discussed the "failure to care
adequately for our elderly and the callousness with which we have come to treat life, especially the life of the
unborn." Nowadays, it seems that everything, including human life, is measured for its value as a commodity. The sacred is of no worth in the secularist scale, or as the Cardinal put it: "When human nature has become a product and the person a commodity then both must ultimately
surrender to the logic of ‘inconvenience’ and ‘disposability’."
It seems that one of the most depressing realities of modern-day Britain is the way that the unborn and the elderly are being views as a "problem or threat". No longer do we regard older people as those to be naturally respected and treated with a special dignity. In fact, the Cardinal argued that it sometimes appears that we no longer regard "the elderly as a source of
value in their own right, a resource for families and communities especially in an increasingly fragmented
social and cultural world." For many, those who are older are an inconvenience, a financial drain, or a stumbling-block to social 'progress'. I myself have noticed that in the recent 'gay marriage' debate, many supporters of same-sex marriage seek to dismiss the views of the over 55s as being irrelevant - as the views of those who are about to die, not the wise reflections of those who have a whole lifetime's experience under their belts.
The Archbishop Emeritus of Westminster went on to reflect on the violence towards the elderly that has reared its ugly in recent times. He said: "This need not only be physical, it can take other forms: it can
be cultural in the way in which we dismiss their views or blame them; it can be political in the ways in which we
justify withdrawal of vital services or quietly and privately deny their right to life." He went on to emphasise that the way we treat the elderly reflects the way we view ourselves as a society, as human beings: "We have exchanged the precious gold of our substance for a
manufactured counterfeit and called it progress. Our identities are not vested in our capacities they are also
vested in our families and communities." This anti-Christian debasing of life is worrying - it has the potential to lead to all kinds of horrors; in fact, it already has!
Of course, as the Cardinal pointed out, society is already questioning whether or not to legalise euthanasia - cloaking something sinister under the robe of a false charity. The same thing happened when abortion was legalised in 1967. Murphy-O'Connor referred to the UK Abortion Act as "a classic example of how a law that was enacted for altruistic reasons and on the basis that abortion would be a somewhat exceptional procedure, ended up
creating its own social culture. With abortions now running at 200,000 a year in England and Wales alone,
even the instigator of this piece of legislation has admitted that it has not turned out as he intended." A law that would enable people to choose to kill themselves would soon end up creating a culture of suicide or death, to the point that the elderly and the infirm would feel somewhat obliged to 'choose death', especially if they feel they have become a financial or emotional burden to their supposed loved ones.
'In the name of tolerance, tolerance is being abolished'
Finally, Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor referred to three potential "monsters on our cultural landscape: equality, freedom
and tolerance." Of course, he went on to qualify what he meant by this - stating that so-called 'tolerance' in modern Britain is actually very intolerant; 'freedom' isn't really freeing without boundaries; whilst 'tolerance' in the UK that we find ourselves in, is intolerant of any dissenting voice or thought.
Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor spoke of the "negative tolerance" which led to the Catholic Church having to close its Adoption Agencies "because we were
not able to accept politically correct law which said that all agencies have to accept homosexual couples if they
wished to adopt." Modern 'tolerance' does not seem able to tolerate an individual's sacred right to freedom of conscience. The Cardinal went on: "For the
sake of tolerance we must not allow a person to wear a cross so that Christianity is not expressed visibly. In
the name of tolerance it seems to me tolerance is being abolished. Our danger in Britain today is that so-called
Western reason claims that it alone has recognised what is right and thus claims totality that is inimical to
freedom. No one is forced to be a Christian. But no one should be forced to live according to the new secular
religion as if it alone were definitive and obligatory for all humankind."
Well said, say I!
Continuing this theme, Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor went on to quote Pope Benedict XVI - the great prophet of our age - who said: “Christianity finds itself exposed now to an intolerant pressure which at first ridicules it – as belonging to a perverse false way of thinking – and then tries to deprive it of breathing space in the name of an ostensible rationality”. As the Cardinal pointed out, a 'tolerance' that cannot tolerate or a 'reason' that is fundamentally irrational can both be "very, very dangerous."
In recent times, some vocal and aggressive secular voices within British society have been engaged in a propaganda which claims that "religion is dangerous for our health." It seems that they would like to ban religious expression, or even silence those voices that dare to raise themselves in opposition to "their vision of a brave new world, the world they see as somehow governed only by people like themselves." These new leaders of the secular world, who seem to disdain the fullest expressions of humanity or the sense of the sacred, "conveniently forget that
secularism itself does not guarantee freedom, rationality, an absence of prejudice or violence." They also "tend to obscure the enormous practical commitment of religious
communities and churches to the welfare of people and the common good of the nation. When Governments run out of money, lose interest, or are distracted by the latest political fashion, it is often the churches that are quietly getting on with the work." Again, I wholeheartedly agree with the Cardinal's sentiments - it is not often that one sees soup-kitchens or homelessness hostels run by anti-theistic or 'humanist' groups!
When false freedom imprisons
Towards the end of his excellent lecture, Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor reflected on the reasons why some seem to hold a particular hatred towards Christianity. It appears that a number of people nowadays have an irrational fear of faith - supposing that the Christian religion seeks to limit their freedom in some way. This misunderstanding of the Gospel and its message - which is a message of true freedom, a freedom within healthy constraints - could be seen clearly back in 2009 when a slogan appeared on London buses, which announced: “There is probably no God. Now stop worrying and enjoy your life”. As the Cardinal put it, what many secularists seem to be saying is: "nasty religion puts constraint on your behaviour and makes you miserable." As the former Archbishop of Westminster went on to argue, Christianity actually preserves our freedom - as opposed to some of those "logical false faiths that are filling the vacuum."
I was extremely grateful to Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor for this lecture, and even expressed my gratitude to him, via his staff, in an email. I also happen to feel that it is important to recognise and applaud when our Christian leaders make the effort to proclaim the truth of the Gospel in such ways. It also seemes to me that the Cardinal was able to express, with humour, in his address what I and many other Christians have been trying to say, often without humour (!), over the past few years. Those who seek a better understanding of the current problems facing Britain and the solutions that Christianity has to offer should read Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor's address. As a means of encouraging us in hope, his lecture ended with these inspiring words:
caritas Christi urget nos – the love of Christ urges us on (cf 2 Cor 5:14).